Cat Symbolism in Ancient Egypt During the thousands of years in which
the cat has lived among human beings it has been venerated at one period
as a deity, and at other times cursed as a demon. Cats have long been
held sacred and linked to images of power. Egyptians named the Goddess
Bast as the divine mother of cats. The cat was sacred, and to kill one
might be punishable by death. Diodorus Siculus, the Greek historian,
described how a Roman who killed a cat was murdered by a mob despite
the pleadings of high Egyptian officials. If a cat died, from any cause
whatever, its owner went into mourning, shaving his eyebrows and performing
elaborate funeral rites. Cat cemeteries were established on the banks
of the Nile, where the sacred animals were mummified and then laid to
rest, together with vast quantities of cat mascots and cat effigies.
The Egyptian term for cat was Mau, an imitation of a cats cry and a
mother-syllable. Cat worship began in Egypt, where the first domesticated
cats descended from a wild ancestor, felis libyca.
In her Cult of the Cat, Patricia Dale-Green says,
'Like the moon (the cat) comes to life at night, escaping from humanity
and wandering over the house-tops with its eyes beaming out through
the darkness.' Many people believed the cat was the child of the moon
and it was said that 'the moon brought forth the cat'. From the magic
of their eyes arose the belief that cats were seers with strong mediumistic
powers. In the East the cat is said to bear away the souls of the
dead, and in some parts of West Africa, is is accepted that the human
soul passes into the body of a cat at death.
The Egyptian Goddess Bast (Bastet):
Bast is the Egyptian cat-headed goddess who rules as protectress of
the pharaoh, and also of children and pregnant women. She is a solar
deity, and the daughter of Ra, although the Greeks aligned her with
Artemis and saw her as lunar. Cats are sacred to her and as such,
were worshipped as gods in ancient Egypt. She is a sister goddess
to the lion-headed Sekhmet. She is often invoked for protection.